WARNING WALL OF TEXT! I can't really make up what you're trying to say there but afaik you didn't say that greek people made microscopes and discovered that everything is made out of atoms
...Democritos was a philosopher and assumed that all matter existed out of ultra-tiny-balls of solid matter. So he was wrong. He didn't knew of electrons or protons or anything like that. He just imagined the existence of these tiny balls of matter which he refered to as 'atomos'. This word being the origin of the word 'atom'